History of MTV- Music television

The rise of MTV started from 1981-2003 where rapid growth was achieved. MTV is the oldest and most influential American cable network specialised in music. It was launched on August 1, 1981 where there was an introduction followed by a video clip of the song "video killed the radio star"- Buggles. MTV became a major presence in the TV industry and in the overall American cultural landscape. MTV was established by Warner Amex Satellite Entertainment Company after extensive marketing research. The key of MTV's viability, was the availability of low cost programming in the form of music videos. Originally these were provided free by record companies, because they thought of them as advertising for their records and performers. 


MTV presented one video after another in a constant flow that contrasted with the discrete individual programs found on other television networks. MTV was like top 40 radio where the clips were repeated from time to time according to a rotational schedule. It soon became apparent that MTV could break a recording act, just as radio had done for decades. A music video is a brief television segment, usually shot on film but intended to be shown only on a TV. The foundation of a video clip is the soundtrack, which is the recording of the song and the sale of which is promoted by the video. In some cases, other material such as sound effects or introductory dialogue may also appear on the soundtrack. The acting in a concept video is usually done but the artists although in some cases the video cuts away from the band to actors who act out a drama inspired by the lyrics. This is some of the displaced musical content of MTV, especially soft rock, has landed on VH1 which is a second video channel owned by MTV. Launched in 1985, VH1 quickly acquired a bad reputation. Otherwise, the channel has had an indistinct image and has languished in the shadow of MTV. By 1994 VH1 was playing slightly harder music and breaking recording artists.


MTV and VH1 are by far the most important outlets for music video programming in the United States. Many competing services have fallen by the wayside, while BET, CMT and TNN are probably the most important survivors as of 1995. These networks specialise in black programming and country and western, which means that they compete only in a limited way with MTV and VH1. Music video and MTV are major ingredients of television programming internationally. MTV Europe, launched in 1987, was followed by an asian service in 1991 and MTV Latino in 1993. VH1 seems poised to follow a similar course, having established a European service in 1994. Both economically and aesthetically, MTV has wrought major changes in the entertainment industries. By combining music with television in a new way, MTV has charted a path for both industries into a future of postmodern synergy.


Below is the link to MTV's official UK website
http://www.mtv.co.uk/videos?s_cid=161&gclid=CLeA6t2WkKwCFUUOfAod0H9GnA

This video is the opening of MTV's first ever broadcast: 

Star Image - Referring to the 3 theorists

Stars are a phenomenon of consumption in that they are a result of our modern culture of consumerism. Consumerism is the preoccupation of society with the acquisition of consumer goods. Stars can be seen as both ordinary and special, their behaviours are mimicked and lifestyles desired, they seem to have become more influential. Star image is created out of promotion, publicity, body of work and criticism/comments. What most people wonder are if stars are good or rebellious, and if we can categorize them by image rather than by genre or label. However, some stars have multiple images- e.g Madonna, Kylie and Lady Gaga. The author of the star can be individual, multiple- where many authors can be seen in one piece of work, collective- the author is the sum of a team's work, or corporate- where the author is actually the company/business/institutional structure. 


Andrew Goodwin:      


Andrew Goodwin suggested that in order for the audience to identify with the artist, the stars identity has to be created, especially when lyrics lack depth. The construction of stars is central to the economics of the music industry as only the star themselves gurantee a long career. Andrew Goodwin also believes that star loyalty is a key ingredient as fans are loyal to the star, so the star had to be loyal to the fans. He also suggested that many recird companies rely on a few big stars or maybe even just one, in order to be stable, therefore record companies are very dependent on stars and the image they portray. 


Richard Dyer: 

The existence of musical stars has led to a related phenomenon which are the fans and how they are the result of our modern culture of consumerism. He suggested that there are 4 types of relationships that fans have with their star:

1. Emotional Affinity- This is the most common, and is when the audience feels a loose attachment to the artist.
2. Self Identification- When a member of the audience places themselves in the same situation and persona of the star.
3. Imitation- This is mostly common among the young, when the star is seen as a role model.
4. Projection- This is the next level of imitation when it becomes extreme. This is when the fans behaviour, clothes, hairstyles etc are mimicking the star.

Richard Griffith: 

Richard suggests that stardom is food for dreams and has escapist qualities. He believes that it is all about consumption and the way the wealthy show off the fact that they have money. Stars are considered as both ordinary and special, especially when their behaviours are modeled and their lifestyles desired. He believes that stars sell a lifestyle we think is ordinary and achievable, even though its not. 

Case study on a record label

Sony BMG music entertainment is the second largest major record label in music sales. They accounted for 21.5% of the market in 2005. This label is a global recorded music company. Key artists from this label are: Kelly Clarkson, Alicia Keys, Outkast, Shakira and Britney Spears. Sony music entertainment includes a range of both local artists and international stars. It is also home to many premier record labels which represents music from every genre. 


Below is a link to their official site. 
http://www.sonymusic.com/

Music video questions

Do music videos allow for meaning to be fixed?
Some music videos allow for meaning to be fixed for instance Lady Gaga- Telephone. However other music videos don't have a general meaning and allow the audience to create there own. This could gain the audiences attention resulting in an increase in viewings, or reversibly it could confuse the audience. Lots of music videos have hidden meanings, where if a child watched it they would get a different meaning than an adult. For example "Shake me down" - Cage the elephant, the video is amazing but so are the lyrics in their own separate entity. This song is dealing with death and the title of the song "Shake me down" symbolises extortion, blackmail, and threat. Where as the video perceives none of these characteristics. 


How far is a brand responsible for their "brand"/their artistic identity?
Brands usually create their artists identity and shape their image and characteristics in order to successfully sell their music. An example of this is Nicki Minaj, she was a normal looking singer before but when she became famous and joined Young Money Entertainment, her appearance changed and she began dressing more extravagant. Given that, some artists seem to be independent enough to create their own image and be popular without being controlled by the record company; an artist which is a good example of this is Beyonce. 

   


What effect does knowing VISUAL IMAGES ARE POLYSEMIC have?
Polysemic means that there is multiple meanings. Knowing that visual images are polysemic makes us try and figure out these meanings and results in multiple viewings. Some visual images are polysemic without meaning to be and people can look at an image and find a meaning from it that wasn't intended. Knowing that visual images are polysemic in a music video makes the viewers watch the video multiple times and encourages discussion about that video.


What role does Album Art have in contributing to the star's identity?
The album art is very important to the stars identity, this is because the album is the main source of advertising and will be seen on TV,online, in stores, etc. If the album has a boring front cover then buyers will not be drawn to the item and the album will only be purchased if the artists name is well known. However, if the album is eye catching then buyers would be drawn to it and maybe then realise they recognise the artists name. In addition, if the album cover is interesting then it can also be memorable and increase sales and popularity. However, usually the well known artists have better album art then unknown artists because they have more money to spend on professional photographers and special effects.

Interesting album cover featuring a well known artist

Boring album cover featuring a non popular artist 

How far does Album Art provide a frame of reference for interpretation?
Album art allows the buyer to interpret what the music will be like and what its about. For example Rihanna's album cover for Rated R the album itself is pretty PG rated compared to the artists previous covers. Given that, the album cover is very eye catching with a close up of her face and colourisation in black and white to make it more dramatic. The album cover is quite fierce and symbolises pain because she is holding herself. This could provide a frame of reference and gives an insight as to what the music may be like. However, album art may contradict the music by having a solemn cover yet the music may be dance tunes. 

Rihanna's album cover - Rated R

Music Videos are NOT fictional in the sense that real world stars/bands and the outcomes for them are inextricably linked, so if a star plays role "X", does it have a direct relation/a direct effect on their overall "persona"?
Stars can be described as idols of consumption, because of this they use their music videos to express their creative side and portray a world of glamourous surrealism that many people aspire towards, creating unrealistic goals. Depending on which kind of characters they portray the video will directly effect their fanbase- they are massively influential.   Artists can play a role in a music video and it could have a direct effect on their overall persona, however it depends on the person. For example Beyonce has been known for having an alter ego called Sasha fierce which is also the name of one of her albums. This helps her to be confident when performing. In effect a music video can also alter the stars persona resulting in them becoming arrogant.  

Key Features of music videos

Music videos work around three codes and the relationship between theses codes is key to understanding how music videos work. These codes, Music, lyrics and iconography, are designed to provide pleasure for the viewers and encourage repeat viewings. There is a common acceptance that the relationship between a music video and its lyrics have to link; however this isn't necessarily true. An example of this is Fall Out Boys song "American Suitehearts". This lyrics portray the song to be romantic where as the music video is humorous. 
Below is the music video for "American Suitehearts" - Fall Out Boy.

  
Questions that are worth asking of any music video are: Do the visuals illustrate, amplify or offer disjuncture with the lyrics? and do the visuals illustrate, amplify or offer disjuncture with the music? Applying these questions to the music video above I think the visuals offer disjuncture with the lyrics and amplify with the music. When visuals illustrate with the lyrics or music this means that its not always literal. For instance, we might see someone opening the door in a music video and the lyrics may link with the visual but not for all of the lyrics. Amplification means that there are new layers of meaning added to the song. For example, if we hear a sad song and the music video illustrates a morbid event, this amplifies the audiences emotions. The definition of disjuncture in context with a music video means there is contradiction between the lyrics and image. 


Another key feature of a music video is editing. The most common and effective form of editing used in music videos is fast cut montage. This is when we are rendered from seeing some images displayed in a music video, resulting in multiple viewing. An example of this is Outkast -"Ms Jackson".  In contrast, there are some music videos that use slow pace and gentler transitions to establish a mood, for Instance Dido - "Thank you". Digital effects work along side and enhance editing. Digital effects might take the form of split screens, colourisation, and CGI.

CGI

 

Split screens

Colourisation

Music video research

As I was researching on Youtube I came across the music video "I feel like dancing tonight" - All Time Low. This music video is performance based and represents how record companies try to sell their artists in videos using various techniques. In addition this is another example of intertextuality, and is humorous which makes it memorable. 

Intertextuality in a music video

Intertextuality is the shaping of texts meanings by other texts, the essence of intertextuality is using something from which the audience may be familiar with and generate associations and new meanings.  Music videos are frequently using previous texts to spark recognition in the audience. However, not all audiences will spot the reference and even though it won't massively detract from there pleasure it has been argued that people who understand the reference connect with it more. Many music videos take reference from television, cinema, fashion and art photography. Media texts are framed but other texts and some argue that they are constructed more by there intertextuality than by there creators. 


Here are some examples of music videos containing intertextuality:


Eminem - Without Me

This music video demonstrates intertextuality by using the format and layout of a comic book. This is shown by the use of the animated words and extravagant costumes.




Chipmunk - Chip Diddy Chip

This uses intertextuality because its based in a school and shows the everyday life of school kids. Its shown by the setting, dancers and costumes.


Pink - Stupid Girls

The artist uses intertextuality by showing how stupid some girls are portrayed as in the media. This is shown with the shots of her walking into a door, undergoing pointless plastic surgery and being bulimic.   

Music Video Research And Ideas

After doing some further research on music videos on Youtube and watching MTV i found that even though they can be diverse from other videos, most of them seemed to have something that made them intriguing. There are 3 main categories for a music video: performance based, narrative based, or concept based. Below are some examples of music videos from each category. 

Performance based: He ya - Outkast 

This is a performance based music video which also contains intertextuality because it shows how TV shows used to be like; however, its clear the record label are selling the artist in the video. The video uses humour to encourage viewing and shows a crazy audience which also represents intertextuality. 

Narrative Based: Last Friday Night (TGIF) - Katy Perry

This is an example of a narrative based music video. This is shown by the titles over the top of an establishing shot which you don't usually see in a music video and long shots and extreme long shots which are also fairly uncommon. The music doesn't come in at the same time as the visuals, there is a small introduction where she is acting. You only really see this in a narrative based video and grabs the audiences attention because they want to see the end result.
  

Concept Based: Otis - Jay Z ft Kanye West

You can tell this is a concept based music video because it has no story to it and its quite random in the sense that the music video consists of a car driving around and the artists singing in front of the american flag. 

Out of all of them I personally find narrative the most engaging. Unlike the others it has a story to it and the audience can have emotions towards the music video and the artist. However, from my research i have noticed that a narrative based music video isn't as effective if the relationship between visuals and the music  is a general occurrence. Given that, I also noticed that most concept based music videos concentrated on the assets of the artist, which links with voyeurism. This makes the audience engaged by building excitement instead of a story. Performance based music videos are mainly concentrating on the artist/band, from my research I have seen this is mostly used for rock bands. Record labels film performance based music videos so that the artist is remembered and the audience feel they are watching them perform.   

Case study on music video director Francis Lawrence

Francis Lawrence, born in Vienna, Austria March 26 1970, is an American music video and film director and is currently signed to DNA Inc. He earned a bachelor degree in film production at Loyola Marymount University Film School; then shortly after started working as a second assistant camera on the feature Pump Up The Volume directed by Allan Moyle. Following this he went on to work as first AD on the feature Marching out of Time directed by Anton Vassil in 1993. After working with feature films he decided to join his ex-classmate Mike Rosen in co-directing music videos. Lawrence shot his first music video for Michael Blakey President of Atco Records with the band Tidal Force which became a great success. Soon after, Lawrence became known for his original and imaginative music video scripts and visual directing style. 

The peak of his career is when he joined a major new production company and his success expanded as a music video director, having worked with stars like: Lady Gaga, Britney Spears, The Black Eyed Peas, Jay-Z, Avril Lavigne, Aerosmith, Janet Jackson, Jennifer Lopez, Destiny's Child, Garbage, Gwen Stefani, Pink, Shakira, and Missy Elliott. As well as music videos he has also directed numerous commercials for clients such as: Coca-Cola, L'Oréal, Calvin Klein, Maybelline, Bacardi, McDonalds, GAP, CoverGirl,  and Disneyland. 

 He’s also directed the hit film I am Legend in 2007 which featured Will Smith. Other feature films which he’s directed include: Constantine (2007), Water for Elephants (2011), Touch (2011) and Survivor which is coming out soon. He was also the director for three episodes of Kings (2009). 

Below is the interview  for "I Am Legend" 

Applying Goodwin’s to the music video “Like A Prayer”

The music video that I am analysing is “Like a Prayer” (1989) which is a song by Madonna and directed by Mary Lambert. The genre of this song is pop however the characteristics of the video are immensely diverse from other pop videos of that time, with a co mingling of race, sex and religion. Madonna wanted to address racism in her music video and yet have a provocative theme. The music video has a story to it and is narrative based however isn’t as disjunctive as modern music videos today.

The video begins with a long shot of a girl, played by Madonna, running away from a crime scene. We can tell because of the sirens in the background. It then goes on to show a flash back of her witnessing a murder of a young woman. The director used slow motion, close ups and different lighting for us to identify the flash back, and make it more dramatic. The music also changes to the eyrie opening of the song. It then goes back to the close up of her lying down and then hesitantly standing up which is an example of the relationship between lyrics and visuals. She begins to stand as she sings “everyone must stand alone”. There is then a long shot of a church with glowing windows, as the camera gradually zooms in. This links with the music as there is a gospel choir singing in the background which represents religion and shows that the church is a holy and safe place for some people.

We then go back to the flash back to see a close up of a black man being arrested. His facial expression insinuates he is innocent. The fact that she keeps having flash backs, indicates to the audience that she feels guilt, fear or trauma. The following shot is a close up of her entering the previous church to get away from the murders, and again shows the relationship between music and visuals when she opens the door of the church and we hear the lyrics “and it feels like home”. This shows the audience that she feels safe and relieved. It then goes on to show a point of view shot of her walking around the church with intense music in the background creating tension. We also see close up jump shots of the cross and Jesus. The jump shots are a common key feature in music videos.

We then see a close up of a black saint in a cage who looks like the black man from the flash back. This links with the framed man as they are both behind bars and also insinuates the black man is innocent, as he is being compared to a saint. We then see a close up of the saint’s eyes crying which shows the audience that the man was innocent and represents the guilt the woman holds. As the song starts the camera slowly zooms into Madonna as she sings; we see a glow at the top of her head which links with the choirs singing in the back ground and the lyrics when she says “it’s like an angel sighing”. This shot symbolises to the audience that she’s praying to make the right decision, which links the music video with the songs name.

 We see a bird eye view of her lying on a pew where she begins to dream. We can tell she’s gone to sleep when we hear her sing “I close my eyes”, we then see a shot of her falling through clouds which also connect with the lyrics when we hear “oh god I think I’m falling, out of the sky”. Suddenly she is caught by a woman who tosses her back up when she says “heaven help me” this symbolises the woman telling her to do the right thing and throwing her in the right direction. Still dreaming, we return to the close up of the saints feet where she is on he knees kissing them. This links with the lyrics “I’m down on my knees”.

We then see her open the jail and the statue turns into the innocent black man. This makes us come to the conclusion that she’s going to do the right thing and set the innocent man free. The transformed saint whispers to her just as we hear “you whisper softly to me”. He then leaves after she says “it’s like a dream” which indicates to us that she is still dreaming. We then see her cut her hands with a knife but instead of cuts there are two nail holes which symbolises the crucifixion of Christ. I believe this represents the guilt in Catholicism, in that if you do something that feels good you will be punished.

As the chorus of the song starts, she says “let the choir sing” and as she looks over a choir appears which portrays the sense of a dream world. There’s a wide use of jump shots from each person in the choir and a tracking shot of them all. This is demonstrates the performance side of the video. This makes the audience feel like they are actually watching them and creates the feeling of involvement.

The scene shifts back to a flash back of Madonna’s point of view of the incident. We see many close ups of Madonna’s, the victims and one of the murderers face, to enable us to see there facial expressions and so we understand the story. We then see the innocent black man coming to the rescue of the lady and the police arresting him. This links to the genre of racism. The story has now been revealed and the audience now understand what’s happening. I think the director made the music video confusing at first so that the audience would be intrigued to watch more and find out what happens.

The camera then goes on to show many jump shots of Madonna dancing wildly and seductively in front of burning crosses, while singing the song, this creates the notion for looking. Whenever we hear her sing “prayer” she looks up to the sky as if she’s praying which shows the relationship between visuals and images. The music seems to be fearful here because the innocent man has just been convicted. We then go back to the church   with the choir singing around Madonna. This symbolises the feeling when you’ve done the right thing, we can tell because the music instantly becomes upbeat; we see that she knows that nothing's going to happen to her if she does what she believes is right. We jump to a scene where we see Madonna and the innocent man lying together and kissing on the church floor. This links with the genre of sex which is also common in most music videos and voyeurism. We see the statue of the priest go back behind the bars and Madonna wake up. This shows us that she was dreaming and she now knows what to do.

The camera then goes to the jail, where we see her telling the police that the black man is innocent; the police release him and he is freed. We see a close up of Madonna holding the bars of the jail like she did with the statue of the saint and then the camera slowly zooms out as there’s a gradual crescendo.  The video ends with a final shot of the girl dancing in front of the burning crosses, and then everybody involved in the storyline takes a bow, as curtains come down on the set, as if to say we all play a part in this little scenario.

This synopsis shows that there is a huge relationship between the music and the visuals as well as the lyrics and visuals. The video cut to the beat and the video changed pace with the music. For example when it cut from the burning crosses to the church, the music changed dramatically as did the visuals.  I feel the record company are trying to sell this song by using the genres and highlighting the issue of racism, the importance of religion and excitement of sex in the media. This also helps to shape the image of the artist in a positive way. This video although looks the same as Madonna’s other music videos shows her highlighting key issues in society and the importance of religion. This video made her very famous which is what the record company intended to do.

The artist isn’t really sexually on display in this music video apart from in one scene, unlike most music videos although the concept of sex is there, it is not as important as the other issues. The dancing and the costumes display rejoicing and religion. There is little reference to the notion of looking except for when she’s dancing in front of the burning crosses and the camera focusing on her assets, and when she’s lying with the innocent man. This shows voyeuristic treatment of the female body.  Given that, I wouldn’t say that there are very many intertextual references except for the link with the aspects of he stars image. In conclusion I believe this music video applies to Goodwin’s music video analysis as it demonstrates genre characteristics, there is a relationship between lyrics and visuals, and music and visuals, the demands of the record label included the need for many close ups of the artist , and there is notion to looking.  

       

    

How an artist markets themselves- Beyonce

Beyoncé Giselle Knowles (born September 4, 1981), also known as Beyoncé , is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, and actress. Born and raised in Houstan, Texas, she enrolled in various performing arts schools and was first exposed to singing and dancing competitions as a child. Knowles rose to fame in the late 1990s as the lead singer of the R&B girl group Destiny's Child, one of the world's best-selling girl groups of all time. Beyonce markets herself through voyerism, she's popular for most people because the music company presents her as a sexual object and thats how she became so popular. In addition, she became increasingly more popular as she began to change the genre of her music and began singing songs about women and their rights.   

During the hiatus of Destiny's Child, Knowles released her debut solo album, Dangerously in Love, in 2003, which spawned two number-one singles on the Billboard Hot 100—"Crazy in Love" and "Baby Boy"—and became one of the most successful albums of that year, earning her a then record-tying five Grammy Awards. Following the disbandment of Destiny's Child in 2005, Knowles released her second solo album,B'Day, in 2006, and included the top 10 singles "Déjà Vu", "Irreplaceable" and "Beautiful Liar". Her third solo album I Am... Sasha Fierce, released in 2008, spawned four commercially successful singles—"If I Were a Boy", "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)", "Halo" and "Sweet Dreams". The album helped Knowles earn six Grammys in 2010, breaking the record for most Grammy Awards won by a female artist in one night. Knowles released her fourth solo album, in 2011, and became her fourth consecutive number-one album on the Billboard 200 as a solo artist. This made her the third artist in history to have her first four studio albums debut atop the chart.

Apart from her work in music, Knowles has also launched a career in acting. She made her debut in the 2001 musical film Carmen: A Hip Hopera, prior to appearing in major films, including Austin Powers in Goldmember (2002), Dreamgirls (2006), which earned her two Golden Globe nominations, Cadillac Records (2008) and Obsessed (2009). Knowles and her mother introduced their family's fashion line, House of Deréon, in 2005, and has also endorsed brands including, L'Oréal, Pepsi, Tommy Hilfiger, Nintendo and Vizio. In June 2010, she was ranked first on Forbes list of the 100 Most Powerful and Influential musicians in the world, and second on its list of the 100 Most Powerful and Influential celebrities in the world.

Knowles' work has earned her numerous awards and accolades, including 16 Grammy Awards, 11 MTV Video Music Awards, 4 American Music Awards, a Billboard Millennium Award and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame with Destiny's Child. In 2009, Billboard named her the Top Radio Songs Artist of the 2000s decade, and ranked her as the 4th overall Artist of the Decade (and as the First Female Artist of that period). The recording industry association of America (RIAA), also recognized Knowles as the Top Certified Artist of the 2000s. In the US, Knowles has sold over 11.2 million albums as of May 2010, and more than 30.4 million digital singles as of January 2012. She has sold 75 million records worldwide, making her one of the best selling music artists of all time. In 2010, VH1 included Knowles in its list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time, and ranked her third in their 2012 list of the 100 Greatest Women in Music.

Beyonce's official website: http://www.beyonceonline.com/uk/revel

Little Red Riding Hood story board

We created a story board on 20 post it notes for the well known fairytale 'Little red riding hood', but instead of making it like a story we created it as a music video. This made a huge difference on deciding the pictures to draw in. For example music videos are usually disjunctive; contain mostly close ups, jump shots and the images dont have to create a story. However in contrast, a story has to flow and make sense along with containing numerous long shots and barely any jump cuts. 

The next task we were given was to eliminate half of the post it notes. The aim of this was to create disjuncture in the story which is commonly used in music videos. This helped us realise that even though half of the post it notes were gone we could still use the remaining ones to create an effective music video and narrative. Below is a picture of the 10 remaining post it notes. 

We then removed some more post it notes so that we were left with only 3. Below is the pictures of our final story board. 

We eliminated all but 3 of the post it notes so that we could start thinking about the camera shots, movements and transitions in order to make it watchable. This task helped me realise the amount of work that will have to be put into our final music video and how to create a music video from a story.

How a star's image develops over time through music videos

This is our opening slide to show which star we are analyzing, which includes pictures of them before and after fame.

This is the introduction which includes brief biographical detail and an indication of which music genres they have worked in. 

The third slide shows what songs the star is famous for, how well their music has done and how they are established in the earliest videos.

This slide shows who the star was influenced by, how many awards they have won and how many singles/albums they have sold. 

The fifth slide has two links to you tube on it which contains music videos before and after fame. This shows what their early image was and how they changed due to fame. 

The sixth slide shows how the record company sell the artist and how the star is portrayed in the media.

This slide shows how the artist's image has changed from 2009-2011.

The eighth slide explains the techniques used in one of the stars well known music video. It also shows if there's close ups, and how the hairstyle, costume, props, and settings are used to support the stars image. 

The final slide is a conclusion on how the artist is perceived and how they have influenced fans.